Ball screws are core transmission components widely used in automated machinery, machine tools, and precision industrial equipment, valued for their high positioning accuracy, low friction, and high transmission efficiency. In daily installation and operation, many common problems frequently affect their stability, accuracy, and service life, which are the main concerns of most equipment operators and maintenance personnel.
The most prevalent issue is abnormal noise during operation. Sharp metallic friction sounds usually result from insufficient lubrication, dried grease, or hard impurities such as iron chips entering the screw raceway. Regular rhythmic clicking noises often indicate damaged ball circulation components, missing steel balls, or loosened preload structures caused by long-term operation. Excessively tight preload during installation also produces continuous dull friction noise and increases operating resistance.
Position accuracy failure is another typical problem. After long-term reciprocating movement, wear on steel balls and raceways leads to increased backlash, causing inaccurate reverse positioning and unstable machining dimensions. Loose couplings and worn support bearings further aggravate positioning errors and poor repeatability, which seriously impacts precision machining equipment.
Stuck movement and uneven resistance are common faulty phenomena. Misalignment between the ball screw and linear guide, poor coaxiality, or slight screw bending will cause intermittent jitter and jamming. In addition, excessive preload force and thermal expansion without reserved expansion space will lead to rising operating temperature and severe overheating, accelerating component fatigue wear.
Improper maintenance and installation are the root causes of most failures. Damaged dust covers allow dust, cutting fluid, and moisture to erode the screw surface, resulting in rust and raceway pitting. Wrong grease models, irregular lubrication cycles, and frequent overload impact operation greatly shorten the service life of ball screws. Standard installation, scientific lubrication, and regular inspection are essential to maintain the long-term stable performance of ball screws.
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